SPSS Statistic V22 32bit
UNDERSTANDING SPSS AND THE ADVANTAGES OF
SPSS
SPSS
is a computer program that is used to make statistical analysis. SPSS is
published by SPSS Inc.
The
first version of SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) was released in
1968, created by Norman Nie, a graduate of the Political Science Faculty from
Stanford University, who is now a Research Professor at the Faculty of
Political Sciences at Stanford and Professor Emeritus of Science Politics at
the University of Chicago.
SPSS
is one of the most widely used programs for statistical analysis of social
sciences. SPSS is used by market researchers, health researchers, survey
companies, governments, educational researchers, marketing organizations, and
so on. In addition to statistical analysis, data management (case selection,
file sharpening, creation of derivative data) and data documentation
(dictionary metadata included along with data) are also features of the basic
SPSS software.
Statistics including basic SPSS software
1.
Descriptive
Statistics: Cross Tabulation, Frequency, Description, Search, Statistics
Description Ratio
2. Bivariate Statistics:
Average, t-test, ANOVA, Correlation (bivariate, partial, distance),
Nonparametric tests
3.
Numerical Result Prediction:
Linear Regression
4.
Predictions for
identifying groups: Factor Analysis, Cluster Analysis (two-step, K-
means,
hierarchical), Discrimination.
Various
features in SPSS can be accessed via a pull-down menu or can be programmed with
the command language of proprietary syntax 4GL. Programming syntax commands
have advantages in the field of reproducibility and complex data manipulation
controls and analysis. Connecting the pull-down menu also produces command
syntax, although the initial settings must be changed first so that the syntax
can be seen by the user. The program can run interactively, or without control
using the Production Work Facility. In addition, the macro language can also be
used to write commands for subroutines and Python program extensions can access
information in data and data dictionaries, then dynamically create program
syntax commands.
The
Python program extension, which was introduced in SPSS 14, replaces the less
functional SAX Basic script, even though SAX Basic can still be used. The
Python extension causes SPSS to run any statistics in the free R software
package. Since version 14 onwards, SPSS can be set externally via Python on the
VB.NET program using the "plug-ins" provided.
SPSS
places restrictions on internal file structures, data types, data processing
and file matching, which makes programming easier. SPSS datasets have a
2-dimensional table structure in which the row shows cases (such as personal or
household) and column sections display measurements (such as age, gender,
household income). Only 2 data types are described: numeric and text (string).
All
data processing is carried out sequentially on a case by case basis through
files. Files can be paired one by one or one by one, but cannot be many per
lot.
The
graphical user interface has 2 types of displays that can be selected by
clicking one of the two buttons at the bottom left of the SPSS window.
The
'Data View' view displays a spreadsheet view of cases (rows) and variables
(columns). The 'Variable View' view displays a dictionary of metadata where
each row represents a variable and displays variable names, variable labels,
value labels, print widths, measurement types and variations of other
characteristics. The cells in both displays can be edited manually, allowing
for setting file structure and data entry without having to use command syntax.
This
is enough for small datasets. Larger datasets, such as statistical surveys, are
often made using data entry software, or are entered during computer-assisted
personal interviewing, by scanning and using optical character recognition
software, or by retrieving directly from an online questionnaire. These
datasets are then entered into SPSS.
SPSS
can read and write data from ASCII text files (including hierarchical files),
other statistical packages, spreadsheets and databases. SPSS can read and write
into relational external database tables through ODBC and SQL.
The
statistical output has a proprietary file format (file.spo, supports axis
tables) which, in addition to the viewer in the package, is provided by a
stand-alone reader.
Proprietary
output can be converted into text or Microsoft Word. In addition, output can be
read as data (using OMS commands), as text, tabulated text, HTML, XML, SPSS
datasets or a choice of graphic image formats (JPEG, PNG, BMP, and EMP).
to
download the software please below:
DOWNLOAD (Google Drive)
may
be useful